What is a Naval Blockade and How Would It Work in the Strait of Hormuz?

US President Donald Trump has announced plans to implement a naval blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, following unsuccessful talks with Iran to resolve tensions. The strait, a critical maritime passage, facilitates the movement of approximately 20% of the world’s oil and gas. Iran has effectively restricted access to the waterway as part of its strategic approach to the conflict.

Understanding Naval Blockades

A naval blockade, as defined in the 2022 US Navy Commander’s handbook on operational law, is a belligerent effort to block vessels and aircraft from entering or exiting specified areas controlled by an enemy state. This tactic aims to disrupt supply lines and economic activity.

“Effective immediately, the US Navy will begin the process of blockading the Strait of Hormuz,” Trump stated on Truth Social. He emphasized that the operation would intercept all ships attempting to traverse the waterway, calling it an “all or none” strategy.

Trump claimed Iran had failed to uphold its commitments, including opening the strait, and accused it of using “excessive demands” to stifle trade. His administration would also target mines laid by Iran, threatening to “BLowN TO HELL” any vessel that attacked them.

Iran’s Position and the Blockade’s Impact

Iran’s foreign ministry spokesman criticized the US for its “unlawful requests,” while parliamentary speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf noted that “the opposing side ultimately failed to gain the trust of the Iranian delegation.” The US plans to stop vessels that have paid tolls to Iran, arguing that such fees are unjust.

“We’re not going to let Iran make money on selling oil to people that they like and not people that they don’t like,” Trump said. His goal, he claimed, is to ensure “all or nothing” passage through the vital corridor.

The BBC reports that the UK will not participate in the blockade, though it has agreed to send minesweepers alongside NATO allies. A UK Government spokesperson highlighted support for “freedom of navigation” and pledged cooperation with France and others to safeguard the strait’s open access.

Expert Analysis and Strategic Implications

According to shipping analyst Lars Jensen, Trump’s blockade would only impact a limited number of ships still using the strait. “If this is actually done by the Americans, it will halt a very tiny trickle of vessels,” he explained. While the move could disrupt Iran’s revenue, it might also drive up global energy prices.

Jensen, CEO of Vespucci Maritime, added that the strategy remains symbolic. “In the greater scheme of things, it doesn’t really change anything,” he noted, underscoring the challenge of enforcing such a measure on a large scale.