Pregnancy vaccine reduces baby hospital admissions for RSV by 80%

UK health officials report that a prenatal vaccine significantly lowers hospitalizations for infants due to RSV by over 80%.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common infection in newborns, can lead to severe breathing difficulties and feeding challenges. More than 20,000 babies in the UK require hospital care annually because of RSV-related illnesses.

Since 2024, pregnant women have been encouraged to receive the vaccine starting at 28 weeks. UKHSA highlights that the vaccine provides “excellent protection” for infants during their most vulnerable period.

RSV and Its Impact on Newborns

RSV is a primary cause of hospital admissions for infants under one year old. Nearly half of all newborns contract the virus, which ranges from mild symptoms to critical lung inflammation.

“Observing a baby’s chest and lungs laboring for oxygen is deeply unsettling,” says Dr. Conall Watson, RSV programme lead at UKHSA.

While rare, severe cases can result in complications like brain damage. Laine Lewis’s son Malachi, now 12, was hospitalized at 12 months old after a cold worsened into an RSV infection. He required oxygen, later stopped breathing, and suffered brain damage.

Despite the risks, Lewis emphasizes that Malachi’s experience is uncommon. “My story shouldn’t frighten people,” she says, “but I’d still recommend the vaccine.”

Vaccine Introduction and Study Findings

The RSV vaccine was introduced in 2024 following trials showing it enhances maternal immunity to protect fetuses via the placenta. This immunity lasts from birth, with the study finding nearly 85% effectiveness when administered at least four weeks prior.

Even late vaccinations offer some benefit, as a two-week gap before delivery can suffice for preterm infants. Dr. Watson advises: “Earlier is better, but third-trimester vaccination still delivers strong protection.”

Researchers tracked nearly 300,000 babies born in England between September 2024 and March 2025. Over 4,500 required hospital care, predominantly among unvaccinated mothers.

Current Vaccination Rates and Recommendations

As of now, 64% of pregnant women in England have received the RSV vaccine, though this drops to 53% in London. Healthcare professionals urge expectant mothers to discuss the vaccine with midwives and schedule it by week 28 or soon after.

Alongside RSV, flu and whooping cough vaccines are also advised during pregnancy. Adults aged 75 or over, and those in elderly care homes, are eligible for the RSV vaccine across the UK.