Enormous’ Cave Hidden Under Medieval Castle Could Rewrite Prehistory, Researchers Say

Significant Discoveries Beneath Pembroke Castle Spark Excitement

Beneath an 11th-century castle in Pembrokeshire lies a vast cave system, Wogan Cavern, which has emerged as a groundbreaking find with the potential to redefine Britain’s ancient past. Initial small-scale excavations have unearthed rare artifacts, including hippopotamus bones from 120,000 years ago, offering a glimpse into early human and animal life. The University of Aberdeen will spearhead a five-year investigation into the site, aiming to uncover deeper insights into the lives of prehistoric ancestors.

Wogan Cavern, believed to have been carved by Victorian builders, is accessible via a spiral staircase within Pembroke Castle. Spanning 23 meters in length and reaching heights of up to 10 meters, the cave is described as exceptionally large. Prior to recent digs, it was assumed that minimal archaeological material remained, but findings between 2021 and 2024 have revealed a rich record of human and animal activity over more than 100,000 years, including stone tools and remains of mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses.

The bones discovered are remarkably well-preserved, leading researchers to consider the cave a vital repository for prehistoric data. Dr. Rob Dinnis, who directed the initial digs and will lead the expanded project, emphasized the site’s uniqueness.

“This site stands out as unprecedented in Britain, marking a once-in-a-lifetime find,”

he stated. The team anticipates uncovering evidence of human presence dating back to Neanderthals, with traces potentially extending to Homo sapiens as far back as 45,000 to 35,000 years ago. The cave may also illuminate how climate shifts influenced life in the region over millennia.

The project, supported by the Pembroke Castle Trust, will ensure the artifacts are preserved and housed at Pembroke. For the castle, a historic landmark linked to Henry Tudor, the discovery represents a transformative addition to its legacy.

“This is incredibly exciting news for everyone at the castle,”

said manager Jon Williams. “We’ve observed fascinating developments as Wogan Cavern gradually unveils its secrets, differing from the medieval history we typically explore.” The next phase of excavations is set to begin by the end of May, promising further revelations about Britain’s prehistoric past.